Agro ecology is the study of ecological processes applied to agricultural production systems. It integrates practices such as organic farming, regenerative agriculture, and some aspects of permaculture and therefore contributes to sustainable development. Agro ecology is the study of ecological processes applied to agricultural production systems. Bringing ecological principles into agro ecosystems could suggest novel management approaches that would not be considered otherwise. Agro ecology encompasses the relationship between agricultural production systems and ecological processes. It includes all the techniques that allow agricultural practices to be more respectful of the environment and its ecological specificities. Agro ecology is an interdisciplinary combination of agronomy, agriculture, scientific ecology, economics, and social sciences. It integrates practices such as organic farming, regenerative agriculture, and some aspects of permaculture and therefore contributes to sustainable development. Agro ecology is characterized by a global conception of agro-food production systems and it relies on the natural features of ecosystems to amplify them. This helps minimize the pressures on the environment and preserve the renewal capacity of the ecosystem services.

Establishment of ecological corridors to increase and facilitate communication between habitats of auxiliary species, including pollinators Maintenance or redevelopment of wetlands favorable to biodiversity and water purification Consistent cultural practices planned considering different variables such as the type of crops, the diversity of crop varieties, crop rotations and agroforestry. Agro ecology has gradually been shaped in reaction to intensive and industrial agriculture. Indeed, modern agriculture, developed throughout the 20th century, has allowed to massively developing food production, but often at a high ecological cost. Today, the scientific community agrees that some ecological problems are partly due to intensive agriculture. For example, the massive use of pesticides and degradation of soil quality, loss of biodiversity, homogenization of soil crops, and the effects of global warming are all partly due to intensive agriculture. More and more researchers, activists and agronomists are advocating for a redefinition of the agricultural principles of our society in order to produce a more responsible and resilient farming system. Agro ecology tries to meet this need because it aims to produce a more sustainable and ecological farming system. With increasing understanding about the catastrophic consequences of clearing more area for agriculture (commonly referred to as deforestation), sheer lack of additional area to be brought under agriculture in some places, and rapid increase in human population, the emphasis shifted to ways of increasing production per unit area of land. The cornerstone of that strategy was the opportunities offered by the invention and/or introduction of the benefits of science and technology in agriculture by way of fertilizers and other agrochemicals, improved crop varieties capable of producing higher yields, and efficient manipulation of crop environment through management of resources such as soil and water. The Green Revolution, as it would become known, paid rich dividends during the latter part of the twentieth century in enhancing food production and averting large-scale hunger. During the second half of the century, for example, the global grain production tripled to about 2 billion tons whereas the total global area under cultivation increased by only about 10%, to 660 million ha. This remarkable achievement was brought about by the input of science and technology to agriculture.

Best Regards,
Nicola B
Editorial Manager
Journal of Biochemistry & Biotechnology